RT Book, Section
A1 Pilu, Gianluigi
A1 Malinger, Gustavo
A1 Ghi, Tullio
A2 Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E.
A2 Monteagudo, Ana
A2 Pilu, Gianluigi
A2 Malinger, Gustavo
SR Print(0)
ID 1138380910
T1 CRANIOFACIAL ANOMALIES
T2 Ultrasonography of the Prenatal Brain, 3e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071613064
LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1138380910
RD 2024/04/19
AB KEY  POINTSThe  most  frequent  craniofacial  malformations  are  facial  clefts.  Different  varieties  exist.  These  conditions  can  be  corrected  surgically  with  good  results.  However,  they  are  frequently  associated  with  other  malformations  and  syndromes  that  may  have  a  major  influence  on  the  prognosis.In  expert  hands,  facial  clefts  can  be  accurately  identified  and  categorized  with  sonography  since  early  gestation.  Three-dimensional  (3D)  ultrasound  (US)  may  be  helpful,  and  magnetic  resonance  imaging  (MRI)  can  also  be  employed.  However,  the  diagnosis  is  not  simple,  and  indeed  in  standard  sonographic  examinations  it  is  frequently  missed.In  addition  to  facial  clefts,  other  craniofacial  anomalies  can  be  identified  sonographically.  The  list  is  long  and  includes  ocular  anomalies,  such  as  microphthalmia,  cataracts,  micrognathia,  and  craniosynostosis.  However,  the  diagnosis  is  generally  difficult  and  is  hampered  by  their  progressive  development.Modern  US  equipment  and  3D  sonography  in  particular  reveal  many  details  of  fetal  craniofacial  anatomy  and  may  allow  the  diagnosis  of  even  subtle  dysmorphism.  Evaluation  of  the  fetal  face  is  important  in  the  assessment  of  fetuses  with  extracraniofacial  anomalies  because  it  may  provide  important  clues  to  the  diagnosis  of  syndromes.Craniofacial  anomalies  are  also  discussed  in  Chapters  2  and  7.