RT Book, Section
A1 Cannie, Mieke
A1 Jani, Jacques
A2 Fleischer, Arthur C.
A2 Abramowicz, Jacques S.
A2 Gonçalves, Luis F.
A2 Manning, Frank A.
A2 Monteagudo, Ana
A2 Timor, Ilan E.
A2 Toy, Eugene C.
SR Print(0)
ID 1151033352
T1 Fetal Neck and Chest Anomalies
T2 Fleischer's Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Textbook and Teaching Cases, 8e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259641367
LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1151033352
RD 2024/04/23
AB Key  TermsCongenital  diaphragmatic  hernia  (CDH):  occurs  at  the  ninth  week  of  gestation  and  causes  herniation  of  abdominal  viscera  into  the  thoracic  cavity.  This  causes  development  of  pulmonary  hypoplasia  and/or  hypertension.Extracorporeal  membrane  oxygenation  (ECMO):  a  life-support  system  that  circulates  blood  through  an  oxygenating  system.  This  technique  is  essentially  a  machine  that  takes  over  the  work  of  the  heart  and  lungs.  It  may  be  used  in  fetuses  affected  by  congenital  diaphragmatic  hernia  during  the  first  days  of  postnatal  life  in  cases  with  severe  pulmonary  hypoplasia  where  conventional  ventilation  fails  to  oxygenate  peripheral  tissue.Fetal  endoscopic  tracheal  occlusion  (FETO):  a  minimally  invasive  prenatal  surgical  technique  that  allows  percutaneous  placement  of  a  detachable  balloon  into  the  fetal  trachea.  It  is  mainly  indicated  in  fetuses  with  isolated  severe  diaphragmatic  hernia  in  order  to  improve  their  lung  development.Lung  area  to  head  circumference  ratio  (LHR):  used  in  a  fetus  with  congenital  diaphragmatic  hernia.  It  is  defined  by  the  ratio  of  lung  area  (contralateral  to  the  diaphragmatic  defect)  expressed-  over  the  head  circumference.  The  lung  area  is  measured  by  two-dimensional  sonography  in  a  transverse  section  through  the  fetal  thorax  at  the  level  of  the  4-chamber  view.  LHR  is  used  to  indirectly  assess  lung  size  in  fetuses  with  congenital  diaphragmatic  hernia.Observed  to  expected  LHR  ratio  (o/e  LHR):  The  observed  to  expected  LHR  ratio  is  a  gestational  age  independent  method  of  calculating  lung  size  in  fetuses  with  congenital  diaphragmatic  hernia.  It  is  obtained  by  expressing  the  sonographic  LHR  as  a  ratio  of  the  appropriate  (left  or  right)  normal  mean  value  for  gestational  age.Observed  to  expected  total  fetal  lung  volume  (o/e  TFLV):  permits  assessment  of  lung  volume  either  by  three-dimensional  ultrasonography  or  by  magnetic  resonance  imaging  in  fetuses  with  congenital  diaphragmatic  hernia.  It  is  calculated  by  measuring  total  fetal  lung  volume  as  a  ratio  of  the  appropriate  normal  mean  value  for  gestational  age.