TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Anatomic Disorders
A1  - Hoffman, Barbara L.
A1  - Schorge, John O.
A1  - Halvorson, Lisa M.
A1  - Hamid, Cherine A.
A1  - Corton, Marlene M.
A1  - Schaffer, Joseph I.
PY  - 2020
T2  - Williams Gynecology, 4e
AB  - Congenital  anatomic  disorders  of  the  female  reproductive  tract  develop  frequently  and  result  from  insults  at  critical  embryonic  stages.  Influences  include  genetic  mutation,  epigenetic  factors,  developmental  arrest,  or  abnormal  hormonal  exposures.  Disorders  range  from  congenital  absence  of  the  vagina  and  uterus,  to  lateral  or  vertical  fusion  defects  of  the  müllerian  ducts,  to  external  genitalia  that  are  ambiguous.  Sexual  differentiation  is  complex  and  requires  both  hormonal  pathways  and  morphologic  development  to  be  normal  and  correctly  integrated.  Thus,  neonates  with  genital  anomalies  not  surprisingly  often  have  multiple  other  malformations.  Associated  urinary  tract  defects  are  especially  frequent  and  are  linked  to  the  concurrent  embryonic  development  of  both  reproductive  and  urinary  tracts  (Hutson,  2014).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1171530754
ER  -