TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate A1 - Bianchi, Diana W. A1 - Crombleholme, Timothy M. A1 - D'Alton, Mary E. A1 - Malone, Fergal D. PY - 2015 T2 - Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient, 2e AB - Key PointsOverall incidence is 1 in 700 births. Marked ethnic and racial variation occurs in cleft lip with or without cleft palate.Seventy percent of cases are nonsyndromic, 30% are syndromic based on the presence of other anomalies and/or developmental delay.2D sonographic detection rate of orofacial clefts is on the order of 65% to 73% of cases. 3D sonography allows better visualization of defects in the palate and MRI allows assessment of secondary palate.If a suspected orofacial cleft is diagnosed, referral should be made to a level II facility. Prenatal karyotype should be considered. There is a high rate of associated anomalies, particularly of the heart and central nervous system.Fetal treatment has been performed on animals.Long-term issues include midface hypoplasia, facial appearance, dental abnormalities, speech disorders, and hearing problems.More than 400 single-gene disorders are associated with cleft lip and palate. A family history should be obtained, and parents should be examined for subtle findings such as bifid uvula and missing teeth.At birth a thorough physical examination should be performed and a medical geneticist should be consulted. Many infants are treated by a multidisciplinary team that includes emphasis on feeding and adequate nutrition. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106396928 ER -