TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Operative Vaginal Birth A1 - Shabib, Gihad A1 - Black, Amanda A2 - Posner, Glenn D. A2 - Black, Amanda Y. A2 - Jones, Griffith A2 - El-Chaâr, Darine Y1 - 2022 N1 - T2 - Oxorn-Foote Human Labor & Birth, 7e AB - Assisted or operative vaginal birth refers to the use of a vacuum or forceps to achieve a vaginal birth in the second stage of labor for fetal or maternal indications. When deciding whether to perform an assisted vaginal birth (AVB), considerations must include indications and contraindications to the procedure, timing and choice of instrument, the maternal or fetal risks of using either instrument, the urgency of the need to expedite delivery, the experience and skills of the birth attendant, and the risks associated with the alternative choice of cesarean section in the second stage of labor. Regardless of the instrument used, the indications for AVB are the same. The operator should assess the safety and likelihood of success by considering the estimated fetal weight, adequacy of the maternal pelvis, fetal station, fetal position, and adequacy of anesthesia prior to use of either forceps or the vacuum. AVB should only be attempted if there is a reasonable chance of success, and a backup plan should be in place in case the attempt is not successful. Forceps or vacuum extraction is contraindicated if the fetal head is not engaged in the pelvis or if the fetal position cannot be determined. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/08 UR - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1193312787 ER -