TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - DOPPLER INTERROGATION OF THE FETAL CIRCULATION A1 - Gotsch, Francesca A1 - Cruciani, Laura A1 - Ghezzi, Fabio A1 - Ogge', Giovanna A1 - Yeo, Lami A1 - Romero, Roberto J. A2 - Fleischer, Arthur C. A2 - Toy, Eugene C. A2 - Lee, Wesley A2 - Manning, Frank A. A2 - Romero, Roberto J. Y1 - 2015 N1 - T2 - Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Principles & Practice, 7e AB - This chapter focuses on the Doppler interrogation of the fetal circulation. Other chapters in this book focus on Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries and fetal echocardiography. Randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that Doppler examination of the umbilical arteries can reduce perinatal mortality, and therefore this technique is no longer considered investigational. Moreover, the detection of an abnormal Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery allows classification of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses into those who have "placental disease" (defined as an abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveform) and those who have other conditions that may be responsible for their small size. A fraction of SGA fetuses are diagnosed at term and often do not have any abnormalities of the umbilical artery Doppler, but may have alterations of the cerebral circulation (anterior cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery). Therefore, practitioners need to be familiar with the sampling, interpretation, and clinical significance of these vessels. Similarly, Doppler examination of the venous system (ductus venosus, inferior vena cava (IVC), and umbilical vein) are informative of cardiac function and identify a fetus at risk for impending in utero death. Finally, examination of the peak systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery has become important in the assessment of fetal anemia. Therefore, this chapter reviews in detail the anatomy, physiology, Doppler waveform morphology, normal ranges, and the interpretation of an abnormal waveform in clinical practice. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/18 UR - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106705718 ER -