TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy A1 - Kowalczyk, John J. A2 - Hess, Philip E. A2 - Li, Yunping A2 - Kowalczyk, John J. A2 - Stiles, Justin K. PY - 2023 T2 - Obstetric Anesthesia: Quick References & Practical Guides AB - Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy is common and occurs in between 0.3% and 2.2% of pregnancies. Retrospective human studies have not conclusively shown that any anesthetic agent results in increased congenital abnormalities. The conclusions of past studies have suggested possible teratogenic effects associated with nitrous oxide and benzodiazepines. However, more recent large retrospective studies have not supported these findings. General timing principles include1: SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/12/11 UR - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1199673614 ER -