TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Clubfoot A1 - Bianchi, Diana W. A1 - Crombleholme, Timothy M. A1 - D'Alton, Mary E. A1 - Malone, Fergal D. PY - 2015 T2 - Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient, 2e AB - Key PointsPositional abnormality of the fetal foot that results in it being fixed in adduction, supination, and varus, with concomitant soft-tissue abnormalities.Incidence is 1 in 1000 livebirths.Early amniocentesis (11-14 weeks of gestation) is associated with an increased incidence of clubfoot.Fetuses with clubfoot should be referred to a facility capable of performing detailed fetal sonographic anatomic evaluation. Such a targeted scan should include measurement of amniotic fluid volume, observation for presence of amniotic bands, masses or abnormalities that could crowd the fetus, and assessment of fetal movement.Associated abnormalities are seen in 23% to 61% of cases. More than 250 syndromes include clubfoot as one component.If associated anomalies are seen, consider obtaining a karyotype. If clubfoot is isolated, a karyotype is not needed.Treatment consists of stretching exercises, serial casting, and/or surgery. Surgery, if performed, is done at 2 to 12 months.Recurrence risk depends on whether a syndrome is present. If clubfoot is isolated, complete family history information is needed to quote a risk. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106400743 ER -