TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Umbilical Cord Abnormalities
A1  - Bianchi, Diana W.
A1  - Crombleholme, Timothy M.
A1  - D'Alton, Mary E.
A1  - Malone, Fergal D.
PY  - 2015
T2  - Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient, 2e
AB  - Key  PointsA  variety  of  umbilical  cord  abnormalities  may  be  sonographically  detected,  including  short  cord,  lack  of  coiling,  and  cystic  and  vascular  malformations.Sonographic  examination  of  the  cord  should  include  counting  the  number  of  vessels,  Doppler  studies,  notation  of  coiling,  and  observation  of  the  presence  of  cysts,  masses,  and  vascular  malformations.Umbilical  cord  diameter  increases  with  age.The  major  consideration  in  the  differential  diagnosis  is  to  determine  if  cord  abnormality  is  isolated  or  associated  with  anomalies  or  aneuploidy.The  umbilical  cord  grows  by  tension  generated  by  fetal  movement.  Short  cords  are  associated  with  trisomy  21  and  neuromuscular  abnormalities.Other  findings  associated  with  aneuploidy  include  lack  of  coiling,  umbilical  vein  varix,  aneurysms,  and  pseudocysts.  Abnormal  umbilical  cord  diameter  measurements  are  not  currently  thought  to  be  accurate  markers  of  aneuploidy.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106400784
ER  -