RT Book, Section
A1 DeVore, Greggory R.
A2 Fleischer, Arthur C.
A2 Abramowicz, Jacques S.
A2 Gonçalves, Luis F.
A2 Manning, Frank A.
A2 Monteagudo, Ana
A2 Timor, Ilan E.
A2 Toy, Eugene C.
SR Print(0)
ID 1151030174
T1 The Screening Examination of the Fetal Heart: A Practical Approach
T2 Fleischer's Sonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Textbook and Teaching Cases, 8e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259641367
LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1151030174
RD 2024/04/24
AB Fetal  echocardiography  was  introduced  to  clinical  medicine  in  the  early  1980s  when  the  first  studies  reported  its  use  for  evaluation  of  cardiac  arrhythmias  as  well  as  basic  cardiac  anatomy  using  M-mode,  M-mode-directed  real-time,  and  real-time  ultrasound.1-29  Although  the  prenatal  diagnosis  of  congenital  heart  defects  was  the  goal,  a  logical  approach  to  the  problem  was  not  available  until  investigators  in  1985  suggested  the  concept  of  using  the  four-chamber  view  as  an  initial  screening  tool  to  detect  fetuses  at  risk  for  structural  malformations.30-36  After  DeVore  et  al  introduced  the  inclusion  of  color  Doppler  in  the  screening  protocol  to  improve  detection  of  congenital  heart  defects,  other  investigators  reported  similar  results.32,37-44  While  using  the  four-chamber  view  to  screen  for  congenital  heart  disease  seemed  promising,  it  met  with  varied  success.1,32,45-49  One  of  the  main  reasons  was  that  not  all  major  heart  defects  altered  the  size,  shape,  or  anatomy  of  the  structures  identified  in  the  four-chamber  view.47