RT Book, Section A1 Pilu, Gianluigi A1 Malinger, Gustavo A1 Ghi, Tullio A2 Malinger, Gustavo A2 Monteagudo, Ana A2 Pilu, Gianluigi A2 Paladini, Dario A2 Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E. SR Print(0) ID 1194721248 T1 Craniofacial Anomalies T2 Timor's Ultrasonography of the Prenatal Brain, 4e YR 2023 FD 2023 PB McGraw Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260136166 LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1194721248 RD 2024/10/10 AB KEY POINTSThe most frequent craniofacial malformations are facial clefts. Different varieties exist. These conditions can be corrected surgically with good results. However, they are frequently associated with other malformations and syndromes that may have a major influence on the prognosis.In expert hands, facial clefts can be accurately identified and categorized with sonography from early gestation. Three-dimensional ultrasound may be helpful, and magnetic resonance can also be employed. However, the diagnosis is not simple, and indeed in standard sonographic examinations it is frequently missed.Other craniofacial anomalies can be identified sonographically. The list is long and includes, among others, ocular anomalies such as microphthalmia and cataract, micrognathia and craniosynostosis. However, the diagnosis is generally difficult and is hampered by the progressive development of these conditions that frequently are still not present by the time the ultrasound examination is performed.Modern ultrasound equipment and three-dimensional sonography in particular reveal many details of fetal craniofacial anatomy, and in some cases may allow the diagnosis of subtle dysmorphic features. Evaluation of the fetal face is important in the assessment of fetuses with extra-craniofacial anomalies because it may provide important clues to the diagnosis of syndromes.