RT Book, Section A1 Bianchi, Diana W. A1 Crombleholme, Timothy M. A1 D'Alton, Mary E. A1 Malone, Fergal D. SR Print(0) ID 1106396818 T1 Porencephaly T2 Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient, 2e YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-144201-5 LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106396818 RD 2024/03/28 AB Key PointsThere are two main forms of porencephaly: (1) developmental porencephaly and (2) congenital encephaloclastic porencephaly. The first type represents primary failure of neuronal development and migration. The second type is more common and results from cortical destruction due to an external insult in an otherwise normal brain.Porencephaly can be diagnosed prenatally using sonography when fluid-filled spaces are noted in the fetal brain. MRI is a useful adjunct.A complete family history should be obtained to look for stroke, thrombosis, thromboembolism, and recurrent porencephaly.Work-up should include ruling out maternal cocaine and warfarin use, infection, hereditary thrombophilias, and increased bleeding.Long-term prognosis depends on the size and location of the lesions, and whether there is a hereditary thrombophilia or vasculopathy.The neonate should be evaluated after birth by a pediatric neurologist. Follow-up brain imaging is recommended.In most cases, an underlying cause for porencephaly is not identified. Most familial cases are due to underlying autosomal dominant mutations.