RT Book, Section
A1 Bianchi, Diana W.
A1 Crombleholme, Timothy M.
A1 D'Alton, Mary E.
A1 Malone, Fergal D.
SR Print(0)
ID 1106397224
T1 Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome
T2 Fetology: Diagnosis and Management of the Fetal Patient, 2e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-144201-5
LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106397224
RD 2024/04/23
AB Key  PointsCongenital  high  airway  obstruction  syndrome  (CHAOS)  is  characterized  by  bilaterally  enlarged  lungs,  flat  or  inverted  diaphragms,  dilated  tracheobronchial  tree,  and  massive  ascites  due  to  complete  airway  obstruction.CHAOS  is  often  mistaken  for  bilateral  congenital  pulmonary  airway  malformations.MRI  is  helpful  in  diagnosing  CHAOS  and  excluding  potential  associated  findings.CHAOS  can  be  associated  with  syndromes  such  as  Fraser  syndrome.The  natural  history  of  CHAOS  may  be  divided  in  thirds:  1/3  die  in  utero;  in  1/3  the  hydrops  remains  stable;  and  in  1/3  the  hydrops  resolves  following  spontaneous  perforation.Fetoscopic  treatment  of  the  tracheal  or  laryngeal  obstruction  is  possible  in  select  cases.EXIT  procedure  is  indicated  to  deliver  all  cases  of  CHAOS  due  to  critical  airway  obstruction.