RT Book, Section A1 Sfakianos, Gregory P. A1 Secord, Angeles Alvarez A1 Shih, Ie-Ming A2 Karlan, Beth Y. A2 Bristow, Robert E. A2 Li, Andrew J. SR Print(0) ID 1106570956 T1 Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: Low Malignant Potential and Non-Serous Ovarian Histologies T2 Gynecologic Oncology: Clinical Practice and Surgical Atlas YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Medical PP New York, NY SN 9780071749268 LK obgyn.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1106570956 RD 2024/11/05 AB Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancers and the fifth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths among women. The American Cancer Society estimates that 21,880 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed and 13,850 women will die of the disease in the United States in 2010.1 Approximately 90% of epithelial ovarian cancers are derived from coelomic epithelium of the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. Epithelial ovarian cancers are heterogeneous and comprise a group of neoplasms that differ based on their histopathologic and molecular features, as well as their clinical behavior.2,3 These include low malignancy potential (LMP) tumors and frankly invasive malignant neoplasms. Malignant ovarian cancers can be further subdivided into 2 distinct groups based on their morphologic and molecular genetics features. Type I tumors include low-grade serous, mucinous, low-grade endometrioid, clear cell, and transitional (Brenner) carcinomas. Conversely, type II tumors include high-grade serous carcinoma, high-grade endometrioid carcinoma, malignant mixed mesodermal tumors (carcinosarcomas), and undifferentiated carcinomas.4 Type II tumors are characterized as highly aggressive, evolving rapidly, and uniformly having poor outcomes. In contrast, LMP and type I tumors tend to be diagnosed at an earlier stage, behave in an indolent fashion, and have a better prognosis.